Fluid buffers mainly polish those parts
 
There are many polishing methods and types. What parts are mainly used in the specific fluid polishing machine? I believe that most people are not very understand, today we will talk about the application scope of the fluid polishing machine.
 
Fluid polishing machine is mainly aimed at the inner hole; Bending holes, irregular holes, cross holes, or some holes that can not be handled by manual polishing, deburring, oxidation layer, etc.
 
 
Grinding and polishing method of shaft parts

 
When the diameter of the shaft part is more than 50 mm, or even close to 1 meter, we use the method of centerless grinding to polish it (see Figure 1). In simple terms, centerless grinding is a grinding method composed of grinding wheel, abrasive belt, guide wheel and supporting plate. The processed workpiece is held by the supporting plate, and the workpiece is driven to rotate by the centerless wheel when the guiding wheel moves in the direction of the supporting plate. When grinding the workpiece, the surface quality is high and the precision is relatively high.
 
Centerless grinding
 
Although the grinding mode into centerless grinding, but the order of grinding is not changed, are to follow the first rough grinding, then fine grinding and polishing process. Coarse grinding generally uses different granularity of emery wheel, when the granularity to about 600#, you can choose to use precision polishing sand belt. In the process of precision abrasive belt polishing, the mechanical principle as shown in Figure 3 can be selected for polishing.
 
Roller type shaft parts
 
Bigger than the shaft parts of large machinery, is the diameter of those roller shaft parts of more than 1 meter. For example, the press roller in the paper industry, the titanium roller used in copper foil production and so on. See Figure 4 and Figure 5
 
Press rollers used in the paper industry
Titanium roller for copper foil industry
 
As the large mechanical shaft parts polishing said, centerless grinding is the mainstream polishing method. For the production of large roller type shaft parts, in fact, is to follow this process to design the grinding machine and emery wheel. In addition, the method of sanding can also be used. However, for such a large roller, there are very few manufacturers that can provide the corresponding size of the emery wheel, and the manufacturer will generally specify the grinding wheel supplier to provide a special size of grinding wheel.
So, we are more concerned about the repair and maintenance process of these parts. As we all know, the roller to use after a certain period of time, there will be more or less pollutants adhesive on it, such as paper roller surface have glue, paper scraps, foreign pollutants, such as titanium roll, using 10 days or so, there will be a layer of surface produced by electrolytic oxidation film, the pollutants must pass fine polishing method to get rid of, otherwise will seriously affect the quality of the products. Therefore, how to repair them quickly and efficiently has become a subject for us to solve.
Repair and maintenance of roller shaft parts
Repair of this kind of large workpiece, generally do not need to use a strong cutting force of the emery wheel. In addition to the use of precision polished sanding, you can also use a fine-grained non-woven grinding brush. Fig. 6, this is a mechanical diagram of cleaning and repairing titanium roller. In this repair system, there is a separate motor to turn the grinding brushes. When cleaning and repair are not needed, the non-woven grinding brush does not rotate and leaves the titanium roller; When cleaning is needed, the non-woven grinding brush, driven by the motor, rotates slowly towards the titanium roller at a speed of about 1000 RPM, while the titanium roller also rotates slowly in the opposite direction at about 20 RPM.
Titanium roller on line repair system
As described in the article, for the grinding and polishing of shaft parts, the repair process, in addition to the selection of the corresponding machine, the choice of abrasive is particularly important. For precision polishing sand belt, it is necessary to choose the appropriate particle size to achieve the corresponding surface effect.
Because in the market, can provide high precision precision polishing abrasive belt of the brand is not much, there are a lot of shaft parts maker because no precision polishing abrasive belt, or high precision polishing abrasive belt price and choose to use ordinary abrasive band, this is not the right thing to do, because the shaft parts in a machine system in the key position, if dimensional accuracy, If the surface roughness is not up to the requirements, it will affect the operation of the whole machine system. If it is serious, the machine will fail.
Therefore, the choice of a good precision polished sand belt can make the surface of shaft parts more fine, as well as the return will be more unexpected. No matter how expensive an item is, it is bound to endure more tests under its ornate appearance.
Polishing techniques for aluminum parts are widely available
When it comes to "polished aluminum parts", the first thing that comes to mind is the mirror polishing process. The DIY effect looks very shiny, but on the other hand, makes your motorcycle potentially more "shiny". Learn how to remove the dullness from an aluminum surface without getting too shiny by "polishing", a process that can be used in a wide range of applications.
Anodizing is also a form of oxidation
The most important thing about polishing DIY is how to lay a good foundation. Polishing with polish must be kept wet, so it is best not to use rough sandpaper in the first place. So I started with # 240 sandpaper.
From the engine to the body, many aluminum parts are used in motorcycles, and there are a variety of manufacturing methods and surface treatments for aluminum parts. Aluminum parts are easy to be oxidized, so the process of forming an oxide film on the surface of aluminum products in advance to prevent further oxidation.
Alumina is commonly used in surface treatments, such as rocker arms made from stamping and upper triangles made from cutting, where dye is used to color the material during the oxidation film stage. Unlike paint, colored alumina can be used for DIY because it displays a variety of colorful colors while retaining the texture of aluminum.
Another unique surface treatment for aluminum parts is "polishing." Unique metallic luster is a unique symbol of polished aluminum, and iron material is different, when the iron material needs to be painted when the surface must be polished, and aluminum oxide through the polishing material surface can be changed to bright and mirror effect, this is the unique charm of aluminum parts polishing.
By the way, when polishing aluminum parts, if the material is aluminum instead of alumina, even the polishing effect will not be bright. Alumina has a very hard oxide film, so can be polished is alumina rather than aluminum, coated with aluminum parts (such as brake calipers), even if the use of aluminum polish will not produce the same luminous effect as alumina; In other words, an aluminum part that can be polished is one that has not been anodized or coated.
Focus on
Parts made of aluminum, often used in new and old motorcycles.
Alumina and unpainted parts can be polished.
Polished aluminum parts from coarse to fine
At the same time of spraying antirust lubricant, use the equivalent of # 400 non-woven abrasive for polishing. This can lead to severe scratches if finished with a direct finish. Sandpaper is usually used for the finish, but non-woven fabrics are recommended if the shape of the part is complex as it provides a better fit.
 
Disclosure of parts "fine polishing, mirror polishing" technology, worth a look and forward
Few parts of the mold need to use polishing process. The cavity of the plastic mold needs to use polishing process. It seems that the stamping mold does not need polishing process basically. However, the general doesn't tell the whole story. There are special cases.
The precision mold parts are polishedAs far as I know, polishing is currently absolutely a sophisticated technology, a lot of strength of the company on their own internal polishing process is strictly confidential. The guy who eats can't pass it around. That being said, there is no such thing as an airtight wall. Xiaobian or through some channels to the big guys to sort out a more detailed polishing details of the process and polishing tool collocation information, for everyone to learn and reference.

As said above, most of the common mold parts do not need polishing, even if the surface finish of the parts is relatively high, the need for polishing is also some relatively simple polishing process. And its use of polishing tools is like: stone, wool, sandpaper a relatively primary polishing tools. In the link that carries on polishing artificially, there is no talk of much advanced, also without what technology at all.
However, in a part of the very high requirements of the plastic model cavity, the process is required to carry out high precision grinding and polishing, then it is necessary to use a specific polishing tool, and the polishing process also needs to be set specially. And its parts in order to ensure the polishing effect, generally need to be soaked after grinding, polishing, and the highest surface finish that can be achieved is: RA0.008μm.
Common tools and specifications for precision product polishing
Most of the common precision polishing tools are: sandpaper, bamboo, stone, tapetum wheel, grinding paste, file, diamond grinding needle, fiber stone, round rolling grinding machine and other common tools and equipment.
Because each tool has its own unique use effect, and its different specifications to achieve a large difference in the polishing effect, therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the specific specifications and models of each tool, in order to facilitate subsequent use.
Sandpaper specifications are: 150, 180, 320, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500 type;
Bamboo specifications: no specific specifications, as long as it can meet the requirements, how to good processing, polishing how to use. It is mainly used for polishing with sandpaper, and does not participate in the actual polishing process.
he specifications of the stone are: 120, 220, 400, 600;
Tetpile wheel specifications are: cylindrical, round cone shape, square tip type;
Grinding paste specifications are: type 1, 3, 6, 9, 15, 25, 35, 60;
File specifications are: square file, round file, flat file, triangular file and other shapes;
Specification of diamond grinding needle: 3/32 handle, 1/8 handle. This can be divided into: round waveform, cylindrical, long straight column with long round vertebra;
Fiber stone specifications are: 200, 400, 600, 800 type;

Discover the precise polishing process
Mainstream polishing process: rough - half - finishing - finishing - finished products
1, rough cast
The product blanks to be polished shall be roughed with machining equipment to remove excess. They are: milling machine, grinding machine rough processing, and then use the oilstone for rough grinding, the specification of the oilstone selection order is: 180 →240 →320 →400 →600 →800 →1 000.
2, half fine throw
This process is usually carried out with sandpaper, according to different sandpaper specifications, the general use of the order is: 400 →600 →800 →1000 →1200 →1500.
3, fine buffing
The surface of the product in this process is very smooth and can not be directly ground. It is necessary to smear a layer of grinding paste on its outside first, and the grinding and polishing tools used become soft sticky felt. The grinding paste smear order is also particular, generally: 1μm (14000 type) →1/2μm (60000 type) →1/4μm (100000 type).
Polishing belongs to precision processing, must ensure dust-free, constant temperature, anti-static, etc. Whether it can reach the standard directly affects the quality of polishing products. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that each polishing stage is separate, such as rough throwing, not with fine throwing together, so as not to cause unnecessary trouble.
Factors affecting polishing accuracy and surface defects
The part itself
When the parts are processed by machining, there will be uneven stress on the surface of the parts. Therefore, it is necessary to process the parts first, and then rough machining and polishing can be carried out after stress release.
material
Polishing parts selected materials must meet the requirements of polishing, if the material is wrong, how to polish is in vain.
Subsequent process heat treatment
Heat treatment is very important, if the surface hardness of the material obtained after the heat treatment process is different, it will affect the polishing effect to a large extent.
Polishing talent
At present, almost all of the polishing is carried out by artificial, and the technology of the people is high and low. It is a good process, if the people can not do it, it is in vain.
Common Poor Polishing
Excessive polishing
Overpolishing is done accidentally, which is the most common polishing problem. The reason is that the polishing time is too long, and the more polished the surface is, the worse the quality will be.
The solutions include:
1) it is best to polish the surface of the polishing problem with coarse sandpaper or oilstone again, and then polish it again.
2) Use heat treatment process to temper the parts, and then polish or grind.
That's all about polishing. If there's anything else you haven't covered, please leave a comment in the comments section. Xiaobian will provide you with the most detailed answers at the first time
Exclusive craft! Metal 3D printed parts are processed after dry electropolishing
A3DM Technologies has decades of expertise in improving additive manufacturing processes, and we are confident that they will make great achievements in dry electrolytic polishing while adapting to production needs." "Says Patrick Saki of GPA Innova.
GPA Innova's proprietary DLYTE process is a process designed to solve the problem of rough surface of printed parts while ensuring high precision display of small feature details of metal 3D printed parts. Specializing in the design and manufacture of metal surface treatment machines, the technology company provides product design and process development solutions for industrial applications.
So what makes Dlyte so special? The technology can be considered "disruptive engineering in electrolyte reprocessing," according to the report.
"The electrolysis process is sometimes called 'electropolishing'." "He explained to us. "Whereas traditional electrolytic systems polish unevenly, resulting in a less smooth finished product, DLYTE is a unique one-step automated process that uses ion transport and free solid grinding to polish metal 3D-printed parts without the need for a liquid electrolyte. Metals such as aluminum, cobalt-chromium, nickel, steel and stainless steel can be used in the DLYTE process to process 3D printed parts for aerospace, automotive, dental, healthcare and other industries.
Why is DLYTE different from other surface treatment or post-treatment methods? What about HIP or roll?
"HIP is a heat-treating process of metal that compresses the internal structure, while roll is a mechanical process of erosion." Relevant staff said.
What differentiates Dlyte from traditional polishing is that it not only preserves the original shape, but also penetrates dead corners of all parts, buffs evenly across the entire surface, and handles complex geometries without leaving any micro-scratches on the surface, according to the report.
Machining technology, precision "polishing" and "mirror polishing" technology decryption
Polishing process, which belongs to the final process of machining, is often discharged in the final process of the product with strict size requirements.
As long as the process related to surface finish need to use polishing process, ordinary parts of the polishing process is relatively simple, the most difficult level is "mirror polishing".
Below, let's take a look at the similarities and differences between ordinary polishing and mirror polishing
Mainstream polishing basic process
First, open rough throw
Using a polishing machine, the surface of the processed parts is initially polished at a high speed (35000-40000r/min) to remove excess materials such as impurities and dirt during processing.
Artificial stone again open rough polishing, the use of thickness specification appropriate process. The specific model process is as follows: 180#→240#→320#→400#→600#→800#→1 000#.
Two, half fine throw
The relative opening is more fine, but the use of tools is almost the same, mainly oilstone and special sandpaper. And the type of the stone is more delicate: 400#→600#→800#→1000#→1200#→1500#.
When using sandpaper for polishing, we must pay attention to the material of the parts. Soft material is not suitable for using sandpaper, and it is easy to scratch the surface.
Third, fine buffing
The highest level of polishing, can achieve "mirror polishing", the use of polishing tools are mainly grinding rod with grinding paste or use polishing cloth with diamond grinding powder. Model selection process: 9 μm (1 800#) →6 μm (3 000#) →3 μm (8 000#).
Mirror polishing
A0 = Ra0.008 microns
A1 = Ra0.016 microns
A3 = Ra0.032 microns
A4 = Ra0.063 microns
At present, the commonly used "mirror polishing" types are: mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing, fluid polishing, chemical polishing, ultrasonic polishing, magnetic polishing.
However, because most of the above polishing can not really achieve the "mirror" effect, so it is still based on mechanical polishing.
Common defects in polishing
The most common polishing defect in polishing parts is "overpolish". When the polishing time is too long, the surface of the heterochromatic "orange peel" "pitting", it can be called "transitional polishing".
Orange peel
Irregular spots appear on the surface of polishing parts referred to as "orange peel". When the polishing time is too long, the surface of the polishing parts is easy to cause the phenomenon of orange peel, especially in the rough throwing process. (Grinder processing parts are also more likely to appear)
countermeasures
1. When the orange peel appears, the surface can be directly rough thrown, and then polished according to the new polishing process.
2. Use heat treatment to temper the parts. The internal stress was removed by tempering at 25℃ at low temperature, and then polished by fine sandpaper.
pitting
It's more about the material itself. When the material itself has relatively hard oxides, they are carried out during the surface polishing process of the material and form pits.
countermeasures
1. Only the pits on the surface of the parts can be ground flat and then polished from scratch.
2. Pay attention to the strength of polishing, and use the short time polishing method or the principle of clearing many times.
The influence of polishing process on products is not only simple product precision, but also can increase the service life and reduce the probability of defective products.
Most of the polishing process is a secret, Xiaobian just summed up part of the content, if there is unreasonable hope to point out
▲ In the polishing work, when the non-woven fabric wear, parts surface oxide layer is gradually scraped off, polishing lubricant began to black. Through repeated scrubbing with waste cloth, lubricant spraying and polishing, the surface of aluminum can lose its roughness and appear shiny.
Depending on the composition of the aluminum alloy, many unanodized or unpainted aluminum parts will glow to varying degrees, but in many cases, they will shine brightly after polishing. Since aluminum is a metal that is easily oxidized, only the oxide film is removed to obtain a glossy appearance.
Once you finish the process of removing the oxide film, you will need to finish the polishing process, but not all aluminum polishing will be mirror-like. On the whole, finishes with a low gloss within the normal polishing range can usually be accomplished with ease.
Here, we take the drum brake cap of a small displacement motorcycle in the 1960s as an example for polishing.
For parts that have become stained with rust or grease during storage, first remove grease and clean to check if the part is suitable for polishing. Then try polishing the metal with a chemical first. If luster appears immediately, proceed with polishing. But in many cases, sudden polishing of parts that have been exposed to the outdoors for years is not appropriate. An abrasive similar to sandpaper, this abrasive has the abrasive function to scrape the metal surface, but the so-called "grain" is much finer than sandpaper, so that the aluminum alloy material does not scratch.
Therefore, first of all, the surface of the material is polished with sandpaper, but care must be taken in choosing the roughness of the paper. Rough sandpaper such as # 120 and # 180 can scratch the surface of aluminum easily, so it is necessary to remove the scratches. From coarse to fine from 120 mesh -240 mesh -400 mesh -600 mesh -800 -1000 mesh... With the change of the thickness of the use of sandpaper gloss has changed, when the gradual use of the more fine mesh sandpaper, the mirror effect will be more obvious.
However, to fully achieve the mirror effect, no matter how much time and effort it takes, it is not enough. Some professionals specialize in polishing, so it is best to stop polishing to some extent.
Focus on
Prepare the base for polishing the aluminum parts.
For a mirror finish, start with rough sandpaper.
The key to reducing polishing scratches is moisture
▲ When starting polishing, the first step is not to polish the aluminum with chemicals. Since the sandblasting has not been completely removed, the surface still retains a frosted feel, and the luster of the color becomes darker and darker. If you want to get a more mirror-like effect, go from rough to fine and make sure the surface is flat before moving on to a deeper finish.
▲ The marks of wiping with non-woven cloth are clearly visible, but the unique luster of the aluminum parts is attractive. The surface finish of the parts varies depending on the type of motorcycle and the manufacturer of the vehicle, but if you want to do it casually without over-embellishing, I encourage you to try a touch up polish.
On the other hand, if you want to moisturize, you don't need to use a paper that's too rough. In this case, the sandblasting treatment of the brake drum cover was polished by using # 400 non-woven abrasive. This does not eliminate sandblasting, even if the surface is polished with a non-woven fabric, nor does it achieve a mirror effect.
However, the surface is cloudy and smooth, so it can be polished with a metallic sheen, rather than a shine. According to the different appearance, you might feel unique luster, aluminum does not mirror polishing the paint, but when you install it on the car, only some poor gloss and give a person the sense of incongruity ((if it was a whole plating and polishing all custom motorcycle, lens face processing will more appropriate.)
The most important thing is not to make the polishing abrasive too rough.
To use a metal polish for abrasive etching, try # 1000 first, then 600 and fine grained paper, further roughen it if it has abrasive effect. By evenly polishing it without the use of a surface, the finish is like that of a commercial car, with a slight difference from the mirror. However, if you polish with paper or non-woven fabric, the abrasive effect will be obvious, so if you want a moist gloss, please give it a try.
In order to eliminate stains and corrosion, if the grinding effect of metal grinding chemicals is not obvious, first try to use #1000, followed by 600 and small mesh paper, if there is grinding effect, do not need to be thicker than this mesh, evenly wipe the surface, when finished, you will find a different style from the mirror. Therefore, if you wipe with sandpaper or non-woven cloth, the effect of the abrasive will be clearly shown, if you want to pursue polish and luster, you might as well try.
Focus on
Grinding is to keep it moist and do not use too rough sandpaper.
After a step-by-step process, you can get an aluminum part with a mirror-like effect.

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